Once considered entirely elusive, the search for a cure for HIV infection has now transformed into a global health priority that attracts and engages a community of scientists with interdisciplinary interests in genomics, epigenetics, single-cell analytic techniques, clinical medicine, immunological engineering, vaccinology, and global health research. Faced with daunting scientific challenges, high societal expectations, and not a single widely applicable intervention that can reduce or destabilize the highly durable pool of HIV-1 reservoir cells, HIV cure research critically depends on advances in understanding the fundamental mechanisms that promote life-long viral persistence and resistance to immune-mediated elimination. This meeting will focus on highlighting recent conceptual and technical advances in understanding the biological behavior and immunological vulnerabilities of HIV reservoir cells, and present progress in designing, testing and evaluating novel approaches for targeting HIV reservoir cells in model systems and human clinical trials. Specific areas of programmatic emphasis will focus on single-cell evaluations of viral reservoir cells, development of gene- and cell-based therapeutic modalities, testing of combinatorial immunological treatment interventions, and investigations of HIV reservoir cell persistence across the continuum of the human lifespan.